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CONTENTS
1
Introduction
4
2
Transport concepts
5
3
A practical and convenient public transport system
6
3.1
Transport Concept 1: Public Transport and Co-ordinated Shared Transport (COAST)
6
3.1.1
Examples of the Advantages of COAST
9
3.1.2
Summary: advantages of COAST
13
4
A low-carbon transport system using low width cars
14
4.1
Transport Concept 2: Low Profile Vehicle with Complementary Infrastructure (LOCI)
15
4.1.1
Summary: advantages of LOCI
18
5
A low-carbon transport system for conventional sized cars
19
5.1
Using fuels derived from biomass
20
5.2
Using an hydrogen based fuel
21
5.3
Using Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)
21
5.3.1
Environmental benefits of BEVs
21
5.3.2
Economics and range of BEVs with different battery technologies
22
5.3.3
Conventional Approaches to Overcoming the Range Problem of BEVs
26
5.4
Transport Concept 3: Electric Car Transporter ELECAT
26
5.4.1
Consolidating vehicles by means of an Electric Car Transporter (ELECAT)
26
5.4.2
Design of the ELECAT and Associated Infrastructure
27
5.4.3
Environmental Benefits of the ELECAT
29
5.4.4
Road space saving for the ELECAT
30
5.4.5
Comfort and Convenience of the ELECAT
31
5.4.6
Cost of the ELECAT
31
5.4.7
Example of how the ELECAT would be used
33
5.4.8
Implications of the ELECAT for BEVs
34
5.4.9
Rail ELECAT: a longer term view
35
5.4.10
Summary: advantages of the ELECAT
37
5.5
Methods for extending BEV range in areas not served by highways
37
5.5.1
Replaceable power modules in SWAP stations
37
5.5.2
Using powered trailers for additional room and propulsion
39
6
A low-carbon transport system for heavy vehicles
40
6.1.1
Advantages and Limitations of rail transport
40
6.2
Transport Concept 4: Integrated Infrastructure for Road and Rail Transport using
Electrification (INITIATE)
41
6.2.1
The INITIATE Concept
41
6.2.2
Environmental benefits of INITIATE
45
6.2.3
Using hybrid steel/pneumatic tyres for trains
46
6.2.4
Summary: advantages of INITIATE
47
7
Reducing the carbon emissions of long distance travel
49
7.1
Technical improvements to aircraft
49
7.2
MAGLEV technology
49
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